Ka hopena nui: graphene nanosheets |Hoʻopau Huahana

ʻO nā hakina o nā ʻāpana nano-nui e hoʻonui nui i ka pono o nā pena pale, nā uhi, nā primers a me nā waxes no ka metala.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā graphene nanosheets e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana he wahi noi hou akā e ulu wikiwiki nei i ka ʻoihana pena.
ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pale metala he mea hou wale nō - kūʻai ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei - ua hōʻike ʻia ka graphene nanosheets (NNPs) i ka hopena nui i nā waiwai o nā primers, nā uhi, nā pena, nā waxes, a me nā lubricants.ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ka lākiō kaohi puʻe maʻamau mai ka hapaʻumi a i ka hapa iki, e lilo ka hoʻohui kūpono o GNP i mea hoʻohui multifunctional e hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ke ola lawelawe a me ka lōʻihi o ka uhi ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa kemika, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ka pale ʻana a me ka abrasion. kūʻē.;kōkua pū i ka ʻili e wehe maʻalahi i ka wai a me ka lepo.Eia kekahi, hana pinepine ʻo GNP ma ke ʻano he synergists, e kōkua ana i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe e hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ʻole o ka mōhai ʻana i ka pono.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Graphene nanosheets i nā huahana pale metala mai nā sealants automotive, sprays a me nā waxes i nā primers a me nā pena i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hana kaʻa, nā mea hana hale a me nā mea kūʻai aku.Hōʻike ʻia nā noi hou aku (e like me ke kai antifouling/anticorrosive primers a me nā pena) i nā pae hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai ʻia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Manchester (Manchester, UK) ka mea mua i hoʻokaʻawale i ka graphene one-layer i ka makahiki 2004, no laila ua loaʻa iā lākou ka makana no ka 2010 Nobel ma Physics.Graphene nanosheets — he mau ʻano graphene i loaʻa mai nā mea kūʻai like ʻole me ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā ʻano nui - he ʻano kalapona 2D palahalaha/scaly nanosized.E like me nā nanoparticles ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā GNP ke hoʻololi a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai o nā huahana macroscopic e like me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer, nā ʻāpana plastic/composite, nā uhi, a me ke koneki ʻaʻole kūpono loa i ko lākou nui liʻiliʻi.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka geometry pālahalaha, ākea a lahilahi o nā mea hoʻohui GNP e kūpono iā lākou no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka uhi ʻili kūpono me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka uhi.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo kā lākou hana pono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana hoʻopiʻi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi ʻoi aku ka lahilahi.He kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻili o ka mea GNP (2600 m2/g).Ke hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i nā waiwai pale o ka uhi ʻana i nā kemika a i ʻole ke kinoea, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka oxidation.Eia kekahi, mai ka ʻaoʻao tribological, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa lākou, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka paheʻe coefficient, e kōkua ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka lepo, ka wai, nā microorganisms, algae, etc. nā waiwai, he maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e hiki ai i ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui GNP ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai o ka nui o nā huahana a ka ʻoihana e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻOiai lākou, e like me nā nanoparticles ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka mana nui, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻopuehu i nā nanosheets graphene i kahi ʻano i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hoʻomohala pena a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana plastics ʻaʻole maʻalahi.He mea paʻakikī ka wehe ʻana i nā hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā nanoparticles no ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi (a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā huahana paʻa paʻa) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me nā uhi.
Hāʻawi maʻamau nā hui GNP kalepa i nā ʻano morphologies (hoʻokahi-layer, multi-layer, nā anawaena awelika like ʻole a, i kekahi mau hihia, me nā hana kemika i hoʻohui ʻia) a me nā ʻano kumu like ʻole (ka pauka maloʻo a me ka wai [solvent-based, water-based or resin- ma muli] nā dispersions no nā ʻōnaehana polymer like ʻole).Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe hana ʻoi loa i ka ʻoihana kalepa, ua hana pū lākou me nā mea hana pena e ʻimi i ka hui maikaʻi loa o nā waiwai ma nā ratio dilution maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ka pena me ka ʻole o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā waiwai kī ʻē aʻe.Aia ma lalo iho kekahi mau hui e hiki ke kūkākūkā i kā lākou hana ma ke kahua o nā pale pale no nā metala.
ʻO nā huahana mālama kaʻa kekahi o nā noi mua a nui loa o ka graphene i ka ʻoihana pena.Photo: Surf Protection Solutions LLC
ʻO kekahi o nā noi pāʻoihana mua o nā huahana pale metala graphene i ka ʻoki kaʻa.Inā hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka wai, aerosol, a i ʻole nā ​​​​wax formulations, hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia kēia mau huahana mālama kaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka pena kaʻa a i ʻole chrome, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka nani a me ka hohonu o ke kiʻi (DOI), e maʻalahi i nā kaʻa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai.ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ma mua o nā huahana maʻamau.ʻO nā huahana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka GNP, kūʻai pololei ʻia kekahi o ia mau mea i nā mea kūʻai aku a kūʻai ʻia aku kekahi i nā hale nani wale nō, e hoʻokūkū me nā huahana ceramic (oxide) i hoʻonui ʻia (loaʻa ka silica, titanium dioxide, a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua).ʻO nā huahana i loaʻa iā GNP ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i nā pono koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā uhi seramika.Hoʻopau maikaʻi ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe o Graphene i ka wela - he pōmaikaʻi no nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā puʻu a me nā huila - a ʻo kona hoʻoili uila kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau i nā uku paʻa, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lepo e pili.Me kahi kihi pili nui (125 degere), kahe wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā uhi GNP, e hōʻemi ana i nā kiko wai.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai abrasive a me ka pale pale i ka pena mai nā ʻōpala, nā kukui UV, nā mea kemika, ka hoʻokahe a me ka warping.ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i nā huahana pili i ka GNP ke mālama i ka hiʻohiʻona nani a kaulana i kēia ʻāpana.
Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo Surface Protective Solutions LLC (SPS) o Grafton, Wisconsin, kahi mea hana hoʻopihapiha me kahi paʻa paʻa i kēia māhele mākeke, kūʻai aku i kahi uhi graphene i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka solvent e mau ana no nā makahiki a kūʻai aku i kahi pena wai i hoʻonui ʻia i ka graphene.Serum no ka hoʻopili wikiwiki ʻana i mau mahina.Loaʻa nā huahana ʻelua i kēia manawa i nā estheticians i hoʻomaʻamaʻa a laikini ʻia, ʻoiai aia nā manaʻo e hāʻawi pololei i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā huahana aftercare i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ʻO nā noi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, a me nā kaʻa kaʻa, me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia kokoke i ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana no nā hale a me nā moku.(Hāʻawi pū ʻo SPS i kahi huahana antimony/tin oxide e hāʻawi i ka pale UV i ka ʻili.)
"Hiki i nā waxes carnauba kuʻuna a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa ke pale aku i nā ʻili i pena ʻia mai nā pule a i nā mahina," wehewehe ʻo SPS Pelekikena Brett Welsien."ʻO nā uhi seramika, i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mākeke i ka waena o 2000s, e hoʻokumu i kahi paʻa ikaika i ka substrate a hāʻawi i nā makahiki o UV a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, nā wahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka wela a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka gloss.Eia naʻe, ʻo ko lākou nāwaliwali ka ʻili wai.ʻO ka pena o ka ʻili a me ka ʻili o ka ʻili i hōʻike ʻia e kā mākou mau hoʻāʻo ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻoili wela maikaʻi ʻole i ka 2015 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka noiʻi ʻana i ka graphene ma ke ʻano he additive I ka makahiki 2018 ʻo mākou ka hui mua i ka US i hoʻokumu i kahi mea hoʻohui pena graphene i ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana o ka hui e pili ana i ka GNP, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ua hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻili wai a me nā ʻili o ka ʻili (ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā ʻōpala manu, kohu lāʻau, nā ʻōpala a me nā kinikona paʻakikī) i hōʻemi ʻia e ka awelika o 50%, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion. i ka helu haʻahaʻa o ka friction.
ʻO Applied Graphene Materials plc (AGM, Redcar, UK) kahi hui e hoʻolako ana i nā dispersion GNP i kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku e hoʻomohala ana i nā huahana mālama kaʻa.Hōʻike ka mea hana graphene 11 makahiki iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi honua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā dispersions GNP i loko o nā uhi, composites a me nā mea hana.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike ka AGM i ka 80% o kāna ʻoihana i ka pena a me ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa, no ka mea he nui nā lālā o kāna hui ʻenehana i hele mai mai ka ʻoihana pena a me ka uhi ʻana, e kōkua ana iā AGM e hoʻomaopopo i nā wahi ʻeha o nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua a i ka hopena , mea hoʻohana..
Hoʻohana ʻo Halo Autocare Ltd. (Stockport, UK) i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o Genable GNP o AGM i ʻelua mau huahana wax mālama kaʻa EZ.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 2020, hui pū ka graphene wax no nā paneli kino T1 carnauba wax, beeswax, a me ka aila hua hua me nā polymers, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka GNP e hoʻololi i ka ʻano wai o ka ʻili a hāʻawi i ka pale no ka wā lōʻihi, nā pahu wai maikaʻi a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻohi lepo haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻopau i nā kulu manu a hoʻemi nui i ka wai.Loaʻa i ka Graphene Alloy Wheel Wax kēia mau pono āpau, akā ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonui i ka ʻaʻahu ma nā huila a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopau.Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo GNP i ke kumu o nā waxes microcrystalline kiʻekiʻe, nā aila synthetic, nā polymers a me nā ʻōnaehana resin hiki ke mālama ʻia.Wahi a Halo, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e pale ka huahana i nā huila no 4-6 mau mahina.
ʻO James Briggs Ltd. (Salmon Fields, UK), ka mea i wehewehe iā ia iho ʻo ia kekahi o nā hui kemika hale nui loa ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ia kekahi mea kūʻai aku AGM e hoʻohana ana i nā dispersion GNP e hoʻomohala i kāna Hycote graphene anti-corrosion primer.Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka zinc-free aerosol spray i nā metala a me nā plastics a hoʻohana ʻia e nā poʻe e like me nā hale kūʻai kino a me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻōki a pale paha i ka ʻino ʻana o nā ʻili metala a hoʻomākaukau i kēlā mau wahi no ka pena a me ka uhi ʻana.Hāʻawi ka primer i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1750 mau hola o ka pale corrosion e like me ASTM G-85, Appendix 5, a me nā waiwai pale maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana i ka hōʻike cone (ASTM D-522).ola mua.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo AGM, ua hana pū ʻo ia me nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala e hoʻonui i nā waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā e kaupalena ana i ka hopena i ke kumukūʻai huahana.
Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka helu a me nā ʻano o nā huahana mālama kaʻa hoʻonui GNP ma ka mākeke.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia ka hele ʻana o ka graphene ma ke ʻano he pōmaikaʻi hana nui a hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakuhi huahana.|James Briggs Ltd. (hema), Halo Autocare Ltd. (luna akau) a me Surface Protective Solutions LLCSurface Protective Solutions LLC (lalo akau)
ʻO nā pale anti-corrosion kahi wahi e ulu nei o ka noi no GNP, kahi e hiki ai i nā nanoparticles ke hoʻonui nui i nā manawa mālama, hoʻemi i ka pōʻino corrosion, hoʻonui i ka pale palapala, a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokele waiwai.|Hershey Coatings Co., Ltd.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā GNP i nā pale anti-corrosion a me nā kumu mua i nā wahi paʻakikī (C3-C5).Ua wehewehe ʻo Adrian Potts, Luna Nui o AGM: "I ka hoʻokomo pono ʻia ʻana i loko o ka solvent-a i ʻole ka wai i uhi ʻia, hiki i ka graphene ke hāʻawi i nā waiwai anti-corrosion maikaʻi loa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana corrosion."ka hopena ma ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola o nā waiwai, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke alapine a me ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai, a no nā huahana wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana i loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui ʻona e like me ka zinc ʻaʻole koi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia.wahi o ka manaʻo a me ka manawa kūpono i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana."He mea nui ka corrosion, ʻaʻole ia he kumuhana ʻoluʻolu loa no ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka waiwai o ka mea kūʻai aku, he pilikia koʻikoʻi ia," wahi āna.
ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku i ka AGM i hoʻolaha maikaʻi i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe aerosol ʻo Halfords Ltd. ma Wakinekona, UK, he mea kūʻai alakaʻi Pelekane a me Irish o nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mea hana, nā lako hoʻomoana a me nā kaʻa.ʻO ka graphene anti-corrosion primer o ka hui he zinc-free, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he pili maikaʻi loa ia i nā ʻili metala me ke kila māmā, aluminika a me Zintec, hoʻopiha i nā hemahema liʻiliʻi a maloʻo i loko o 3-4 mau minuke a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke one ma 20 mau minuke.Ua hala hoʻi he 1,750 hola o ka ʻehu paʻakai a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka cone me ka ʻole o ka pohā.Wahi a Halfords, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale sag o ka primer, hiki i ka hohonu o ka uhi ʻana, a hāʻawi i nā waiwai pale maikaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka uhi.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka primer me ka hanauna hou o nā pena wai.
ʻO Alltimes Coatings Ltd. mai Stroud, UK, he loea i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o nā hale metala, hoʻohana i nā dispersions AGM i kāna ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai Advantage Graphene no nā hale ʻoihana a me nā hale kalepa.Hoʻonui ka huahana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kaumaha o ke kaupaku, ʻo ke aniau a me ka pale ʻana o UV, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoheheʻe, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) a me isocyanates.Hoʻokahi wale nō papa i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi papa i hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ke kūʻē i ka hopena a me ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, ka extensibility maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻohe shrinkage ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma luna o kahi wela wela o 3-60°C/37-140°F a hoʻopili hou ʻia.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka graphene e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ua hala ka huahana i ka 10,000-hola hoʻāʻo paʻakai paʻakai kūʻokoʻa (ISO9227:2017), e hoʻonui ana i ke ola o Autotech mai 20 a 30 mau makahiki.ʻOiai ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pale maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka wai, ka oxygen a me ka paʻakai, he hanu ka microporous coating.No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Alltimes i kahi papahana hoʻomau hoʻomohala ʻoihana (CPD).
ʻO Blocksil Ltd. mai Lichfield, UK, e wehewehe ana iā ia iho he hui ʻahuʻula lanakila lanakila e hāʻawi ana i ka ikehu holomua a me ka hoʻopakele hana i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻoihana kaʻa, kaʻaahi, kūkulu hale, ikehu, moana a me nā ʻoihana aerospace.Ua hana pū ʻo Blocksil me ka AGM e hoʻomohala i kahi hanauna hou o MT anti-corrosion coatings me ka graphene-reinforced top layer no ke kila kila ma nā wahi ākea a me ka corrosive.Loaʻa i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, ʻo ka VOC a me ka solvent free, hoʻokahi ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu hoʻokahi ʻoi loa ke kūpaʻa a ʻoi aku ma mua o 11,800 mau hola o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakai paʻakai no 50% ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā huahana mua.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Blocksil he 500 mau hola ka polyvinyl chloride unplasticized (UPVC) i kēia hoʻāʻo, aʻo ka pena epoxy he 250-300 mau hola.Ua ʻōlelo pū ka hui e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka pena i ke kila pulu iki a pale i ka komo ʻana o ka wai ma hope koke o ka noi ʻana.Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili, e ʻōpala ʻo ia i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai nā ʻōpala a hoʻōla ʻole me ka wela o waho i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kula.Loaʻa ka laulā noiʻi o ka uhi mai 0 a 60 ° C / 32-140 ° F a ua hala i nā hoʻāʻo ahi koʻikoʻi (BS476-3:2004, CEN/TS1187:2012-Test 4 (me EN13501-5:2016-test 4 4)) he graffiti kū'ē a loa'a iā UV maika'i ke kū'ē i ka wā.Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻohana ʻia ka uhi ʻana ma nā kia hoʻolaha ma RTÉ (Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin, Ireland) a ma nā satelite kamaʻilio ma Avanti Communications Group plc (London) a ma nā ala kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a me nā kolamu (SSP), kahi i hala ai EN45545 -2:2013, R7 i HL3.
ʻO kekahi hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā uhi i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka GNP no ka pale ʻana i ka metala, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻolako kaʻa kaʻa honua Martinrea International Inc. (Toronto), e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻa kaʻa i uhi ʻia i ka graphene-reinforced polyamide (PA, i kapa ʻia ʻo nylon).(Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai thermoplastic maikaʻi, ua hāʻawi aku ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo Montreal GNP NanoXplore Inc. iā Martinrea me kahi uhi GNP/PA hui āpau.) Ua hōʻike ʻia ka huahana e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha ma 25 pakeneka a hāʻawi i ka pale lole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻonui i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi kemika. palekana.ʻAʻole koi ke kū'ē i nā loli i nā lako hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina hana.Ua ʻike ʻo Martinrea e hiki i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka uhi ke hoʻonui i kāna noi i kahi ākea o nā ʻāpana kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa uila.
Me ka pau ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua lōʻihi, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion moana a me ka anti-fouling e lilo paha i mea nui no ka GNP.Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei ka Graphene additive Talga Group Ltd. i nā kūlana moana maoli ma nā moku nui ʻelua.Ua hoʻopau kekahi o nā moku i ka nānā ʻana he 15 mau mahina a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana i uhi ʻia me ka GNP reinforced primer i nā hopena like ʻole a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kumu kumu me ka hoʻoikaika ʻole ʻana, i hōʻike mua ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka corrosion.|ʻO Targa Group Co., Ltd.
Nui nā mea pena pena a me nā mea hana graphene i hana paʻakikī i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pale anti-corrosion/anti-fouling no ka ʻoihana kai.Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo nui a lōʻihi e pono ai e loaʻa ka ʻae ʻia ma kēia wahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hui a mākou i nīnauele ai i hōʻike ʻia aia kā lākou huahana i ka pae hoʻāʻo a me ka loiloi a me nā ʻaelike hōʻike ʻole (NDA) e pale iā lākou mai ke kūkākūkā ʻana i kā lākou hana ma ka kahua.Ua ʻōlelo kēlā me kēia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia a hiki i kēia lā i nā pōmaikaʻi nui mai ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka GNP i loko o nā paepae kai.
ʻO kekahi hui i hiki ʻole ke wehewehe i kāna hana ʻo 2D Materials Pte.Ltd., ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i ka GNP ma kahi pālākiō lab ma 2017 a me kahi pānaʻi pāʻoihana i ka makahiki i hala.Hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia kāna mau huahana graphene no ka ʻoihana pena, a ua ʻōlelo ka ʻoihana e hana pū ana me ʻelua o nā mea hoʻolako uhi anti-corrosion nui loa mai ka makahiki 2019 e hoʻomohala i nā pena a me nā uhi no ka ʻāpana.Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo 2D Materials e hana pū ana me kahi hui kila nui e hoʻokomo i ka graphene i loko o nā ʻaila i hoʻohana ʻia e pale i ke kila i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.Wahi a Chwang Chie Fu, he loea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea 2D, "ʻo ka graphene ka hopena nui loa i nā uhi hana.""No ka laʻana, no nā pale anti-corrosion i ka ʻoihana kai, ʻo ka zinc kekahi o nā mea nui.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka graphene e hōʻemi a hoʻololi paha i ka zinc ma kēia mau uhi.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana ma lalo o 2% graphene hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ke ola o kēia mau uhi, ʻo ia ka mea e lilo ia i kumu waiwai maikaʻi loa a paʻakikī ke hōʻole.
ʻO Talga Group Ltd. (Perth, Australia), kahi hui anode a me graphene i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻolaha mua ʻo ia i kāna Talcoat graphene additive no nā primers ua hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi i nā hoʻokolohua moana honua maoli.Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka additive no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uhi kai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka pena i nā kaiaola wai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wā maloʻo.ʻO ka mea nui, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mea hoʻohui maloʻo maloʻo i loko o nā uhi in situ, e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻomohala pāʻoihana koʻikoʻi o nā huahana GNP, ka mea maʻamau i hoʻolako ʻia e like me nā dispersions wai e hōʻoia i ka hui ʻana maikaʻi.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻohui mua ʻia ka mea hoʻohui me kahi epoxy primer ʻelua-pack mai kahi mea hoʻolako uhi uhi a hoʻopili ʻia i ka hull o kahi moku pahu pahu nui 700m²/7535ft² ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kai e loiloi i ka hana o ka uhi ʻana i nā kaiapuni moana paʻakikī.(No ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi kikoʻī maoli, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi kumu mua i hōʻailona ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia huahana.Ua nānā ʻia ka moku no 15 mau mahina a ʻo nā ʻāpana i uhi ʻia me ka GNP reinforced primer i hōʻike ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka baseline me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, a ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka corrosion.ʻO ka lua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea hoʻopili pena i ka mea hoʻohui GNP pauka ma ka pūnaewele me kahi pena epoxy ʻelua pahu mai kahi mea hoʻolako pena alakaʻi ʻē aʻe a kāpī ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana nui o kahi ipu nui.ʻElua mau hoʻopiʻi e hoʻomau nei.Ua ʻike ʻo Talga e hoʻomau nā palena huakaʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi i ka huakaʻi hele honua, ke kali nei i ka nūhou e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka uhi ma ka moku lua.Ma muli o kēia mau hopena, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Talga e hoʻomohala ana i nā pale kai anti-fouling, nā pale anti-microbial no ka metala a me ka plastic, nā pale anti-corrosion no nā ʻāpana metala nui, a me nā pale pale no ka hoʻopili plastik.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka papahana hoʻomohala GNP i Malaki e Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Toray Industries, Inc. (Tokyo), i ka hoihoi o nā mea hoʻomohala hoʻomohala uhi, me ka hana ʻana i kahi hopena graphene dispersion ultrafine, i ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻike i ka wai maikaʻi loa.Kiʻekiʻe conductivity hui me kiʻekiʻe uila a me ka wela conductivity.ʻO ke kī i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi polymer kūʻokoʻa (inoa ʻole) i ʻōlelo ʻia e kāohi i ka viscosity ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā nanosheets graphene, a laila e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia lōʻihi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā dispersion GNP nui loa.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻopuehu GNP maʻamau, ʻo Toray ka huahana kiʻekiʻe-fluidity hou, aia kahi polymer kūʻokoʻa e hoʻomalu ana i ka viscosity ma ka pale ʻana i ka graphene nanoparticle aggregation, e hoʻopuka i nā puʻu GNP kiʻekiʻe, ultra-fine me ka wela a me ka conductivity uila a hoʻonui i ka wai no ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana. huikau.|Torey Industries Co., Ltd.
"ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka graphene ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, e hōʻemi ana i ka wai a paʻakikī i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā huahana i hui ʻia," wahi a ka mea noiʻi Toray ʻo Eiichiro Tamaki."No ka pale ʻana i ka pilikia pili, hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia nā nanoplates i kahi hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Eia naʻe, paʻakikī kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manaʻo kūpono e hoʻohana pono i ka graphene.ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka GNP ultra-fine a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai no ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka hui ʻana.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā noi mua e hoʻokomo i nā pihi, nā uila uila no ka paʻi ʻana, a me nā pale anti-corrosion e pale aku i ka wai a me ka oxygen mai ke komo ʻana.Ke noiʻi nei ka hui a hana i ka graphene no 10 mau makahiki a ʻōlelo lākou ua hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana hoʻopuehu e hana i ka graphene i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e pili ana ka polymer kūʻokoʻa i nā nanosheets iā lākou iho a me ke ʻano hoʻopuehu, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tamaki, e ʻōlelo ana he hana maikaʻi loa ia me nā solvents polar.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā pōmaikaʻi āpau a GNP e hāʻawi ai, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka ʻoi aku o 2,300 mau patent pili i ka GNP i hoʻopuka ʻia i nā ʻoihana a me nā kula.Ua wānana ka poʻe akamai i ka ulu nui ʻana o kēia ʻenehana, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e pili ana ia ma mua o 45 mau ʻoihana, me nā pena a me nā uhi.Hoʻopau ʻia kekahi mau mea nui e keʻakeʻa nei i ka ulu ʻana.ʻO ka mea mua, pilikia paha ka pilikia o ke kaiapuni, ke olakino a me ka palekana (EHS) no nā nanoparticles hou e like me ka ʻae ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono (e laʻa me ka ʻōnaehana REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical) o ka European Union.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻāʻo nui ka nui o nā mea hoʻolako i nā mea hoʻoikaika GNP e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.Hoʻomaopopo koke nā mea hana Graphene ma muli o ka hana ʻana o GNP mai ka graphite mineral maoli, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou kaʻina hana ma mua o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka lua o ka luʻi e loaʻa ana i kahi kumukūʻai kūpono, akā ke kamaʻilio pū ʻia nei i ka wā e hoʻonui ai nā mea hana i kā lākou ʻōnaehana hana.
"ʻO ke keakea nui i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka graphene i loko o ka ʻoihana ʻo ia ka mana hana o nā mea hana graphene, i hui pū ʻia me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka huahana," wehewehe ʻo Tarek Jalloul o Lead Carbon Technologies, kahi papahana ʻenehana NanoXplore."Ke lanakila nei kēia mau pilikia ʻelua a ke komo nei nā huahana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka graphene i ka ʻoihana kalepa ʻoiai ke emi nei ka mana a me ke kumu kūʻai.Eia kekahi laʻana, ua hoʻokumuʻia kaʻu hui pono'ī ma 2011 a hiki i kēia manawa ke hana i ka 4,000 t / t i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka IDTechEx Research (Boston),ʻo mākou ka mea hana graphene nui loa ma ka honua.Hoʻopiha piha ʻia kā mākou hale hana hou a loaʻa kahi ʻano modular e hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻopili hou inā makemake ʻia ka hoʻonui.ʻO kekahi mea pale nui i nā noi ʻoihana graphene ʻo ka nele o ka ʻae kānāwai, akā ke hana nei kēia i kēia manawa.
"ʻO nā waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia e ka graphene hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka ʻoihana pena a me nā ʻoihana hoʻonaninani," hoʻohui ʻo Velzin."ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka graphene ma mua o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a hāʻawi i nā pono maikaʻi e hiki ai ke kumukūʻai no ka wā lōʻihi.hoʻomohala i ka graphene ?coatings??
"Ke hana nei kēia mau mea a hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike i ka maikaʻi loa," i hoʻohui ai ʻo Potts."ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka graphene i kahi meaʻai, ʻoiai i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā waiwai hoʻololi."
Peggy Malnati is a regular contributor to PF’s sister publications CompositesWorld and MoldMaking Technology magazines and maintains contact with clients through her regional office in Detroit. pmalnati@garpub.com
Hoʻohana ʻia ka masking i ka hapa nui o nā hana hoʻopau metala kahi e pono ai ke hana ʻia i kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana.Akā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka masking ma nā wahi i koi ʻole ʻia ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole pono e pale ʻia.Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano he nui o ka masking hoʻopau metala, me nā noi, nā ʻenehana, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka masking i hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana, hoʻonui i ka corrosion a me ka pale ʻana i ka blister, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pilina o ka uhi ʻana me nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka mālama mua ʻana.